Biodiversity and protection

Many millions of different species live on Earth, from tiny bacteria to giant whales. Researchers have described only about two million of them so far, and all the others are still unknown to us. This colourful variety is called species variety, or biodiversity to use the technical word. It is not an accident but the result of billions of years of evolution, and it is more valuable than many people think.

Variety on three levels

Biodiversity shows on three levels. First, there are many different species. Second, the living things within a species differ, just as two people differ. Third, there are many different habitats such as forests, lakes, and deserts. All three levels belong to the variety of life.

Why variety matters

The more varied a habitat is, the more stable it usually is. If one species drops out, other species can take over its task. Many species also give us food, clean air, and materials for medicines. A habitat with many species is like a net that holds even when single threads tear.

When species go extinct

When the last living thing of a species dies, that species is gone forever. This is called extinction. Species have always gone extinct, but today it happens much faster than before. People destroy habitats, hunt too much, and change the climate. As a result species vanish before we even get to know them.

How we protect the variety

There are many ways to protect biodiversity. Protected areas like national parks give animals and plants a safe space. We can preserve habitats, make less waste, and show consideration for nature. Even a wild corner in the garden with native plants helps insects and birds.